08/28/2026
Family of Friends Biblical Studies, Friday, August 28th, 2026
Who Is Jesus? – Today, through Creeds, Confessions, and the Words of God, we will understand and Boldly Answer This Question.
“Who do you say that I am? Matthew 16:15. Jesus asked His disciples this question at a pivotal moment in His ministry and in their lives.
People in Jesus' day had many opinions. Some said Jesus was John the Baptist. Others thought He was Jeremiah or Elijah come back to life.
Peter confessed on behalf of the other disciples, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus responded, “On this rock (Peter’s confession) I will build My church.” Matthew 16: 13 – 18
13. When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?”
14. They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”
15. “But what about you? He asked. “Who do you say I am?”
16. Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
17. Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven. 18. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.
Since that day, the Church’s primary task has been to confess who Jesus is and why He matters in our personal Salvation and the Salvation of the whole world.
It does so in response to God’s Word and for the sake of gathering the Church around that answer that Peter boast, and now we too, as the pillars (believers in God and His Son Jesus), boast with much rejoicing and assurance.
In the early church, many held that the Son of God was not fully God, but a powerful creature.
In response, the Nicene Creed confesses on the basis of 1 Corinthians 8: 6 that the Son of God -- along with the Father and Holy Spirit – is true God and the Creator of all things.
6. Yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live.
The Apostles’ Creed emphasizes the historical, physical reality by confessing that Jesus “suffered,” and “was crucified, died and was buried.”
The Athanasian Creed addresses Jesus’ identity by confessing His relationship to the Father and the Holy Spirit while affirming His divinity and humanity.
Reading God’s Word
Reading the Bible can, at times, seem overwhelming; understanding the Bible, at times, may seem difficult; but the more we read, the more we seek to learn, the more we understand, the more its words open our eyes, our hearts, our minds, and our lives.
It becomes our refuge, a place where we seek and find God and see the evidence of His love, mercy, grace, and forgiveness of all our sin.
It is our assurance of everlasting life in the kingdom of God.
It is our assurance that God is always with us, always taking care of us, always listening to our prayers, always loving us, and always forgiving us.
Its words are the very words of God and the words of life.
God wants us to hear, understand, and believe His Word, and His Spirit works through it to enable us to do God’s will with rejoicing.
The first challenge in reading God’s Word is simply to open the Bible: The devil delights in distracting us with other activities or priorities that may seem more urgent, exciting, or important.
So, we must resist him, take time to sit down, and have a relationship with God through His Holy Word.
The Bible is about forgiveness and a life in Jesus!
To use and interpret the Bible rightly, we must know what it is actually about and why God gave it to us.
The main subject of Scripture is Jesus Christ, and the forgiveness of sins and eternal life that come to us through Him.
John 20: 24 – 31
24. Now Tomas (called Didymus), one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus first came to them. 25. When the other disciples told him that they had seen the Lord, he declared, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it.”
26. A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” 27. Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach into my side. Stop doubting and believe.”
28. Thomas said to him, “My Lord and my God!”
29. Then Jesus told him, “Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”
30. Jesus did many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples (500 followers who had been with Him from the beginning of His ministry), which are not recorded in this book. 31. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.
Scripture interprets Scripture.
Context is essential for understanding language.
When overhearing one end of a phone conversation, it is difficult to fully understand the words you hear because you miss the other half.
In the same way, faithfully interpreting Scripture depends on hearing the full message.
When reading the Bible, we need to ask: What is the context here? How do other passages of the Bible clarify my understanding of this passage?
The Scripture immediately surrounding a passage is a key starting point for interpretation. What situation is being addressed or described? What event or discussion has just taken place? What follows after?
Other Scripture written by the same author also helps in interpretation.
Each human author used his own writing style and unique emphasis: To better understand a passage in St. Paul’s Letter to the Romans, it helps to look elsewhere in Romans and then to Paul’s other letters.
The following may help you understand the Scripture Author’s place, time, and events of their writings:
The Bible is a collection of 66 books written by 40 different human authors over 1,500 years, believed to be inspired by God.
While early church tradition and Jewish history attribute specific books to prominent figures like Moses, David, Solomon, and the Apostle Paul, modern critical biblical scholarship generally views many texts as composite works compiled anonymously over centuries.
The breakdown below outlines both the traditional attributions and modern scholarly consensus for each biblical book.
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The Old Testament (Hebrew Bible)
The Pentateuch / Torah (Books of the Law)
• Genesis: Traditionally attributed to Moses. Modern scholars view it as a composite text from multiple anonymous sources (often categorized as J, E, D, and P).
• Exodus: Traditionally attributed to Moses.
• Leviticus: Traditionally attributed to Moses.
• Numbers: Traditionally attributed to Moses.
• Deuteronomy: Traditionally attributed to Moses (except for the final verses detailing his death).
Historical Books
Joshua: Traditionally attributed to Joshua. Scholars debate its composition and link it to Deuteronomy.
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Judges: Traditionally attributed to the prophet Samuel. Scholars view it as an anonymous collection compiled during the Babylonian exile.
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Ruth: Traditionally attributed to Samuel. Scholars date it to the post-exilic period by an anonymous writer.
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1 & 2 Samuel: Traditionally attributed to Samuel, Nathan, and Gad. Modern scholars consider it a multi-layered anonymous compilation.
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1 & 2 Kings: Traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah. Academics attribute it to anonymous Deuteronomistic historians.
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1 & 2 Chronicles: Traditionally attributed to Ezra. Scholars attribute it to an anonymous author known as "the Chronicler."
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Ezra & Nehemiah: Traditionally written by Ezra and Nehemiah. Scholars often group them with Chronicles as the work of the anonymous Chronicler.
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Esther: Traditionally attributed to Mordecai or internal temple records. Scholars consider it an anonymous historical novella.
Wisdom & Poetry
Job: Attributed variously to Job, Moses, or Elihu. Scholars view it as an anonymous work.
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Psalms: A collection of hymns traditionally attributed to King David (73 psalms), alongside Asaph, the sons of Korah, Solomon, and Moses. It is an anthology assembled over centuries.
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Proverbs: Chiefly attributed to King Solomon, with specific sections credited to Agur and Lemuel.
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Ecclesiastes: Traditionally attributed to King Solomon ("the Teacher"). Modern linguistics date it much later to an anonymous post-exilic writer.
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Song of Solomon: Traditionally attributed to King Solomon.
Major Prophets
• Isaiah: Traditionally attributed to the prophet Isaiah. Critical scholars identify at least three distinct authors or schools spanning different centuries (Proto-, Deutero-, and Trito-Isaiah).
• Jeremiah: Written by the prophet Jeremiah, dictated to his scribe Baruch.
• Lamentations: Traditionally attributed to Jeremiah. Scholars view it as anonymous mourning poetry.
• Ezekiel: Written by the prophet Ezekiel.
• Daniel: Traditionally attributed to Daniel. Mainstream scholars date its final form to the 2nd century BC.
The 12 Minor Prophets
These books are traditionally and scholarly attributed to the respective prophets named in their titles:
• Hosea
• Joel
• Amos
• Obadiah
• Jonah (Scholars debate whether the prophet wrote it or is simply the subject of it)
• Micah
• Nahum
• Habakkuk
• Zephaniah
• Haggai
• Zechariah (Chapters 9–14 are often attributed by scholars to later anonymous writers)
• Malachi
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The New Testament
The Gospels and Acts
The texts themselves are formally anonymous, but early church tradition heavily assigned them to specific figures.]
Gospel of Matthew: Traditionally attributed to Matthew (Levi), the tax collector and apostle.
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Gospel of Mark: Traditionally attributed to John Mark, recording the memoirs of the Apostle Peter.
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Gospel of Luke: Written by Luke, the physician and travel companion of Paul.
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Acts of the Apostles: Written by Luke as a direct sequel to his Gospel.
The Pauline Epistles
These letters explicitly claim authorship by the Apostle Paul. Scholars broadly agree on seven of them (Undisputed), while debating the others.
• Romans (Undisputed Paul)
• 1 & 2 Corinthians (Undisputed Paul)
• Galatians (Undisputed Paul)
• Philippians (Undisputed Paul)
• 1 Thessalonians (Undisputed Paul)
• Philemon (Undisputed Paul)
• Ephesians & Colossians (Debated; traditional Paul)
• 2 Thessalonians (Debated; traditional Paul)
• 1 & 2 Timothy & Titus (Pastoral Epistles; traditionally Paul, widely considered pseudonymous by critical scholars)
General Epistles & Prophecy
• Hebrews: Author unknown. Historically attributed to Paul, but its polished Greek style leaves its author anonymous (suggestions include Apollos, Barnabas, or Luke).
• James: Attributed to James, the brother of Jesus and leader of the Jerusalem church.
• 1 & 2 Peter: Traditionally attributed to the Apostle Peter. Critical scholars strongly question 2 Peter's authenticity due to its late style.
• 1, 2, & 3 John: Traditionally attributed to the Apostle John.
• Jude: Attributed to Jude, the brother of Jesus.
• Revelation: Written by John of Patmos, traditionally identified as the Apostle John.
Testament interprets Testament
The Old Testament tells of God’s perfect creation and our first parents' tragic fall into sin and death.
It reveals God’s care for His creation, His lordship over history, His wrath and devastating acts of punishment provoked by human sins.
Above all, it reveals God’s mercy, patience, and faithfulness to generations of His chosen people Israel and His promise to send, through them, a Savior for all peoples.
The entire Old Testament precedes the birth of Christ, some of it by more than a thousand years. Yet Jesus says that they “bear witness about Me:
John 5: 39 – 40
39. “You (Jesus talking about the Scribes and Pharisees) diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, 40. Yet you refuse to come to me to have life.
Just as the Old Testament should be read in light of the New, so also many New Testament passages are best understood against the backdrop of the Old.
The Bible’s chief goal must not be lost: To proclaim Jesus as Savior and to draw sinners to eternal life through faith in Him.
God, the Holy Spirit, helps us.
Since the Bible is the very Word of God, our efforts to understand it should begin and continue with humble prayer.
The Holy Spirit called us by the Gospel, and He will enlighten our study of the Word. This is truly a divine work, but it is also a gradual, lifelong work.
God’s Holy Spirit helps us not only as we read the Bible individually, but also together with fellow believers.
God’s Spirit is at work, giving us understanding of God’s Word, and builds us up until we all attain the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God.
Ephesians 4: 14 – 16
14. Then we will no longer be infants, tossed back and forth by the waves, and blown here and there by the wind of teaching and by the cunning and craftiness of men in their deceitful scheming. 15. Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will in all things grow up into him who is the Head, that is, Christ. 16. From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work.
My prayer for all of us is that we welcome the Holy Spirit of God into our lives, our hearts, minds, body and soul – not as a housekeeper, but as head of our lives, of our thoughts, dreams, acts, words and aspirations – That we obey and follow His every command, growing stronger in our faith and in our witness before all those God places in our path: Remembering and acting only as a child of God, an heir to His kingdom.
Amen.
Today’s hymn is # 496
Holy Spirit, Light Divine
Stanzas 1 through 5
1. Holy Spirit, light divine,
Shine upon this heart of mine;
Chase the shades of night away,
Turn the darkness into day.
2. Let me see my Savior's face,
Let me all His beauties trace;
Show those glorious truths to me
Which are only known to Thee.
3. Holy Spirit, power divine,
Cleanse this guilty heart of mine;
In Thy mercy pity me,
From sin's bo***ge set me free.
4. Holy Spirit, joy divine,
Cheer this saddened heart of mine;
Yield a sacred, settled peace,
Let it grow and still increase.
5. Holy Spirit, all divine,
Dwell within this heart of mine;
Cast down every idol throne,
Reign supreme, and reign alone.