09/05/2026
Hantavirus is a serious viral disease transmitted primarily by rodents, especially infected rats and mice. Humans can become infected when they come into contact with rodent urine, droppings, saliva, or contaminated materials. In severe cases, hantavirus can lead to life threatening respiratory and kidney complications.
Mode of Transmission
Hantavirus spreads mainly through the following routes:
• Inhaling air contaminated with particles from rodent urine, f***s, or saliva
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes
• Rodent bites, although this is less common
• Consuming food or water contaminated by infected rodents
People living or working in rodent-infested environments are at greater risk of infection.
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of hantavirus may initially resemble influenza and can worsen rapidly. Common signs and symptoms include:
• Fever and chills
• Severe headache
• Muscle aches and body weakness
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Coughing
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
In severe cases, the infection may progress to serious lung or kidney complications requiring urgent medical attention.
Prevention focuses on reducing exposure to rodents and maintaining proper hygiene. Key preventive measures include:
• Keeping homes and surroundings clean and free from rodents
• Proper storage of food and safe disposal of waste
• Sealing holes and openings that allow rodents into buildings
• Avoiding direct contact with rodent urine, droppings, or nests
• Wearing gloves and masks when cleaning rodent infested areas
• Disinfecting contaminated surfaces before cleaning
• Washing hands regularly with soap and clean water
Hantavirus is a dangerous but preventable disease. Public awareness, environmental sanitation, and effective rodent control are essential in reducing its spread. Individuals experiencing symptoms after exposure to rodents should seek immediate medical attention.
Together, we can promote healthier communities through cleanliness, awareness, and disease prevention.
Photo credit: World Health Organization (WHO).
Dr. Timothy Jornkatonor is a pharmacist, an epidemiologist, and an educator.
