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Compressive strength is measured by breaking cylindrical concrete specimens in a compression-testing machine. Compressiv...
14/07/2022

Compressive strength is measured by breaking cylindrical concrete specimens in a compression-testing machine. Compressive strength is calculated from the failure load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting the load and reported in units of pound-force per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa).

The compressive strength of concrete ranges from 15 MPa (2200 psi) to 30 MPa (4400 psi) for residential concrete and is high in commercial structures. Some applications use forces greater than 10,000 psi (70 MPa). The process must be done on the G.I Sheet (For Making Concrete) until a homogenous mix is obtained.

Procedure of Test

1.Clean the mounds properly and apply oil inside the cube frame.

2.Fill the concrete in the molds in layers approximately 50mm thick.

3.Compact each layer with not less than 35 strokes per layer using a tamping rod (steel bar 16mm diameter and 600 mm long, )

4.Level the top surface and smoothen it with a trowel.


The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the workabil...
10/07/2022

The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the workability of freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with which concrete flows. It can also be used as an indicator of an improperly mixed batch. 

Advantages of Concrete Slump Test

Slump test is very easy and simple. A non-technical person can perform it without any problem. It is very useful to check batch to batch or hour to hour variation in the materials which will be fed into the mixer.

Essentially, it allows you to preview what your concrete will be like before it sets, allowing you to make adjustments to the mix to create a better product with more favourable consistency.


Micropiles, also known as minipiles, pin piles, needle piles, and root piles, are a deep foundation element constructed ...
18/06/2022

Micropiles, also known as minipiles, pin piles, needle piles, and root piles, are a deep foundation element constructed using high-strength, small-diameter steel casing and/or threaded bars.

Micropiles are generally used when there are difficult ground conditions, such as natural or man-made obstructions, sensitive ground with adjacent structures, limited access/low headroom and/or karstic geology.

Micropiles are smaller in diameter (about 90–300 mm) compared with piles and are installed closer together than the conventional pile foundations.

"Hand-dug caisson" is defined in Section 2(1) of the Buildings Ordinance as. any foundation or earth-retaining structure...
22/04/2022

"Hand-dug caisson" is defined in Section 2(1) of the Buildings Ordinance as. any foundation or earth-retaining structure, or part thereof, the construction of which includes. the excavation of a shaft in the ground by means of digging carried out by any person inside. the shaft with or without the aid of machine tools.

A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable gr...
22/04/2022

A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable.

The term "pile cap" may be used to describe a reinforced concrete slab constructed on top of a group of foundation piles to evenly displace .

The reinforcement for the piles shall be according to the requirement of the specification and the design of the pile.  ...
09/04/2022

The reinforcement for the piles shall be according to the requirement of the specification and the design of the pile.  The reinforcement shall confirm to the mill certificate approved by the Consultant.

The maximum weight of the reinforcement cage will be approx. 9.0 tons. A lifting platform shall be used for the lifting of the steel cage without distortion. The steel cages will be lifted with the help of main crane (50 ton capacity) and an auxiliary crane (service crane of 35 ton capacity) shall be used to lift the lifting platform along with the steel cage. The lifting platform shall be released once the cage reaches 900.

Durable spacers shall be used at proper interval to keep the reinforcement in position.  The spacers shall be of PVC material or cement concrete and as per approved sample for a clear concrete cover of 75 mm to the reinforcement. The first layer of spacers will be placed at 20 cm below cut off level. The spacing between spacers should be within 3 to 4 m and should terminate only 30 cm above pile toe.

A pothole is a depression in a road surface, usually asphalt pavement, where traffic has removed broken pieces of the pa...
28/03/2022

A pothole is a depression in a road surface, usually asphalt pavement, where traffic has removed broken pieces of the pavement. It is usually the result of water in the underlying soil structure and traffic passing over the affected area.

Steps to Repairing Potholes with Cold-Patch

Step 1 – Clean pothole. Remove large loose rocks and other debris.
Step 2 – Pour and spread cold-patch material into pothole. ...
Step 3 – Compact material with hand tamper, car tires or another suitable compaction method that provides an even, level compacted surface.

Soils are composed of organic matter (stuff that used to be alive, like plants and animals) and small inorganic matter. ...
25/03/2022

Soils are composed of organic matter (stuff that used to be alive, like plants and animals) and small inorganic matter. There are three basic soil types: sand, silt, and clay. Sand is comprised of tiny rock fragments and is the roughest in texture. Clay becomes sticky or greasy when wet, and very hard when dry.

Healthy, high-quality soil has

Good soil tilth.Sufficient depth.Sufficient, but not excessive, nutrient supply.Small population of plant pathogens and insect pests.Good soil drainage.Large population of beneficial organisms.Low w**d pressure.No chemicals or toxins that may harm the crop.

There are two main methods for soil sampling in spatially explicit management — zone-based sampling and grid sampling. With each method, soil samples are collected from predefined areas in a field

Inclinometers are used to measure displacements in ground and in structures that lie below ground level (e.g. retaining ...
16/03/2022

Inclinometers are used to measure displacements in ground and in structures that lie below ground level (e.g. retaining walls).

Inclinometers (also known as slope indicators) are precision instruments used to measure horizontal displacements in the subsurface. Inclinometers are typically used to measure movement when slope stability is a concern for natural slopes, constructed cut/fill slopes, and deep fill projects.

Inclinometers measure the orientation angle of an object with respect to the force of gravity. This is done by means of an accelerometer, which monitors the effect of gravity on a tiny mass suspended in an elastic support structure.

Skid Tank DieselAn aboveground tank, mounted on a small, factory-built platform. At construction and farm sites, where f...
13/03/2022

Skid Tank Diesel
An aboveground tank, mounted on a small, factory-built platform. At construction and farm sites, where fueling operations are performed on a temporary basis, it is desirable to have storage tanks available. The platform keeps the tank from resting directly on the ground and also prevents it from rolling over.

Purpose in Construction
1- Generator for power supply
2- Refuel big machine eg.excavator, backhor, crawler crane

Diesel fuel storage tanks fall under the same category as petroleum tanks and those used to store hazardous waste or hazardous materials. These tanks should contain a double wall, or built-in secondary compartment for safer storage and spill guards to provide additional safety against accidental leaks.

How long can you store diesel fuel? Diesel fuel can remain viable for 6 to 12 months in weather of 85 degrees. After that, the fuel will begin to react with the oxygen in the tank. This reaction can lead to diesel becoming gummy.

A concrete cube test involves taking a sample of freshly mixed concrete, letting it cure, then crushing it and measuring...
13/03/2022

A concrete cube test involves taking a sample of freshly mixed concrete, letting it cure, then crushing it and measuring its compressive strength. Many concrete suppliers carry out this process at a certified test house, away from their facilities.

The standard size of cube specimen for testing the compressive strength of concrete is 15 × 15 × 15 cm 3

Compressive strength achieved by concrete at 7 days is about 65% and at 14 days is about 90% of the target strength.

Concrete typically takes 24 to 48 hours to dry enough for you to walk or drive on it. However, concrete drying is a continuous and fluid event, and usually reaches its full effective strength after about 28 days. Here are some of the basic facts regarding the question of concrete drying time.

Tower cranes are the cranes you see along city skylines that are used to build tall structures such as skyscrapers. The ...
23/01/2022

Tower cranes are the cranes you see along city skylines that are used to build tall structures such as skyscrapers. The basic components of a tower crane are a vertical tower—also known as a mast—and an outstretched jib.

Tower Crane Advantages

– Tower Cranes are able to outperform the loading and lifting capacity of any other crane. Their height capacity cannot be paired with any other type of crane. They have immense stability and can bear the most difficult lifting operations.

Why Don't Tower Cranes Fall Over? This is mostly down to the concrete base, which is massive and needs to be poured weeks before the crane arrives. The triangulated cross-member structure of the mast gives it more stability and prevents bending. Plus, it's anchored and bolted to the ground.

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