04/27/2026
We’d like to explain a common problem that damages exterior concrete in freeze–thaw climates and how you can reduce the risk.
Why concrete spalls — the core physics
Concrete is porous. When snow or ice melts, water soaks into the tiny pores and the small voids created by air entrainment. When temperatures fall, that trapped water freezes and expands about 9% in volume. That expansion produces large internal pressure against the cement paste and aggregate. Repeated cycles of freezing, thawing, and refreezing cause the surface and near‑surface zones to crack, flake, and break away — this is spalling.
Why deicers make the problem worse
Deicing products melt surface ice by lowering the freezing point of water. That liquid water soaks into the slab, and when temperatures drop again it refreezes inside the concrete. The expansion of that water — not the chemical alone — is the primary cause of damage. Because deicers create more liquid water at times it would otherwise be frozen, they can increase the risk of freeze–thaw damage. There is no deicer that fully prevents deterioration once water pe*****tes the concrete.
Additional factors
Modern cement formulations and mandated cement types have changed over the past 20 years; some current mixes can be more susceptible to surface scaling when water and salts pe*****te.
Snow piled against edges, poor drainage, and surface wear increase the chance of infiltration.
This is a nationwide issue in all freeze–thaw regions, not just locally.
How to reduce risk
Penetrating sealers (silane/siloxane or similar) reduce water absorption and limit salt entry without significantly affecting surface traction.
Remove snow promptly and use deicers sparingly and per manufacturer guidance; avoid piling snow directly on concrete.
Inspect and repair small defects early to prevent larger problems.
A practical investment
No one wants to spend more than necessary. But when you install a $15,000 driveway, spending an additional $1,000 now to help protect that large investment is a smart decision. The small up‑front cost of a quality penetrating sealer can greatly reduce the chance of costly repairs or premature replacement later.
Our recommendation
Next Level Concrete offers Salt/Water Guard — a penetrating sealer for new and existing exterior concrete that reduces water and salt pe*******on and helps lower the risk of freeze–thaw spalling. While nothing can guarantee 100% protection against the force of freezing water, applying a penetrating sealer is one of the most cost‑effective ways to protect your investment.
To schedule a free evaluation, get pricing, or schedule application of Salt/Water Guard, call 605-480-3672 or email [email protected].
