21/08/2025
📍 Step-by-Step Survey Work
1. Reconnaissance & Site Preparation
Visit site and study site layout plan.
Identify benchmarks (BM) provided by surveyor/authority.
Clear bushes, debris for proper instrument setup.
2. Establish Control Points
Use Total Station / Theodolite / GNSS to fix primary control points on site.
Mark these points with concrete pillars or nails for permanent reference.
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3. Setting Out the Building Layout
Transfer grid lines from drawing to ground.
Use Total Station or tape & theodolite to mark corners.
Fix pegs/nails to show boundary lines.
Diagonal check (Pythagoras rule) to confirm rectangular accuracy.
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4. Leveling
Use Auto Level / Total Station to transfer benchmark levels.
Mark Reduced Level (RL) on site.
Determine ground levels, excavation depth, foundation bottom level.
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5. Foundation Marking
Set out foundation trench lines.
Mark centerlines of walls, columns with lime/chalk.
Double-check with drawings.
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🏗 Step-by-Step Foundation Work
1. Excavation
Excavate soil according to foundation depth (as per drawing).
Check depth and width with leveling instrument.
Ensure sides are vertical and bottom is level.
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2. Foundation Bed Preparation
Remove loose soil.
Lay 3–6 inches PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) as bed.
Compact surface properly.
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3. Reinforcement Work
Fix reinforcement bars as per structural drawing.
Maintain cover blocks for correct concrete cover.
Site engineer checks bar bending schedule (BBS).
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4. Formwork / Shuttering
Place shuttering boards for footing.
Ensure dimensions, alignment, and stability.
Apply shutter oil to prevent sticking.
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5. Concrete Work
Pour footing concrete (machine mix or RMC).
Vibrate properly to avoid honeycombs.
Level top surface.
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6. Curing
Keep concrete wet for at least 7–14 days.
Cover with wet hessian cloth or sprinkle water.
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7. Backfilling
After concrete gains strength, backfill soil around footing.
Compact layer by layer.
Maintain slope for drainage.
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✅ At every step, the Site Engineer checks:
Layout accuracy
Dimensions vs drawing
Levels (with Auto Level / Total Station)
Concrete quality & curing
Safety measures
